Arts and Social Sciences

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A psychometric validated model for political leadership, trust and voters’ behaviour in Malaysia
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2022) Mohamad, Khairul ‘Azmi
Political leadership, political trust and voters’ behaviour are three major areas within the domain of political psychology. The application of political psychology theory and concepts to the practice of politics in Malaysia is new and minimal. This justifies the presence of this research that analyses the Malaysian political environment. Since the 14th General Election (GE-14), Malaysian politics has been in crisis. The impact of this crisis is tremendous. The people are expecting a strong country and political stability. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a psychometrically validated model to facilitate the design of workable solutions to the political issues in the country because it relates to leadership and trust as well as the well-being of the people. The sample of this study was Malaysians above 21 years old. This research has successfully developed and validated “Political Behaviour Model”. In developing the model, Rasch Measurement Model and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were employed. The value of RMSEA was 0.073 and CFI was 0.902, in which both achieved the threshold of less than 0.08 and above 0.90 respectively. The Chi-sq/df was 2.421 which was within the acceptable range of between 2 and 5. Thus, the model has achieved the goodness-of-fit with the research data. The model has three constructs which are political leadership, political trust, and voters’ behaviour. This study has also found that political trust runs in full mediation between political leadership and voters’ behaviour, hence becomes a mechanism. Trust, which is a psychological contract between the people and the state, assumes that the state will honour with well-meaning policies. Political leadership should not betray as it will lead to trust deficit and eventually political distrust. This model validates the need for the presence of political leaders who are competent, committed, and resilient. This model is also hoped to bring the nation toward goodness and continue to advocate the psychological contract.
Community perception towards voluntourism as an alternative paradigm for rural revitalization in Nigeria
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2015) Ayobami, Ojo Kayode
The emergence of voluntourism as a minuscule segment of global tourism in recent years has been commended as contributing to multiple objectives at alleviating poverty and livelihood vulnerabilities through rejuvenation of local cottage activities and by offering new employment. Government efforts to assuage rural vulnerabilities in Nigeria fall short of creating appropriate strategies commensurable with the need for rural revitalization. One possible way to address this is to encourage voluntourism where its participants are motivated by idealism and strong desire to assist in improving the welfare of impoverished communities. To assess voluntourism efficacy in checkmating rural vulnerabilities, Argungu community in the Northern Region of Nigeria was selected. The attitudinal behaviour of the resident and economic assets plays a pivotal role in study assessment. Research confirmatory models were developed to measure community perception towards voluntourism. Structured and unstructured survey questionnaires were administered coupled with the study site personal observations. Three main themes of tourism resources; voluntourism antecedents and livelihood linkages were incorporated. Hypotheses and research questions were validated via Structural Equation Modelling, thematic analysis and triangulations accordingly. Findings revealed that voluntourism can trigger economic improvement and stimulate rural community in a long term livelihood security and at the same time conserving natural resources. The comparative fit index calculated (CFI) was 0.902 exceeding the recommended minimum value of 0.9, illustrating that the degree of community perception to be positively correlated with the voluntourists potentials to checkmate rural vulnerabilities. Notably, the positive resident behaviour influences influx of voluntourist to Argungu. This indicated that voluntourism paradigm in rural community improves rural economic development and sustenance. The result indicates that the measurement model exhibited a good degree of acceptability and supports the structural model’s validity. The final outcome is a model that synthesizes the validity of voluntourism efficacy as a veritable paradigm for enhancing rural revitalization in Nigeria
Tourists’ perceived value trust and experience towards delight at religious and historical sites in Pakistan
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2020) Ullah, Mohib
Literature from previous studies stated that researchers and tourist organisations have focused too much on tourist satisfaction and consider it as the only strategic tool for organisations to achieve competitive advantage. However, the majority of the researchers argued that satisfied tourists may not be loyal, thus creating doubts about tourist satisfaction and its impact on attracting more tourists. As such, recent researches that focus on tourists' delight have indicated its relevance as a tool for tourism-related entities to gain a competitive advantage by attracting a larger number of tourists. Prior findings suggested little or no significant relationship between the precedents of delight in tourism-related studies. Thus, these issues compel to advance this research and discourse the research gap. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of tourists' perceived value; tourists' perceived trust, and tourists' experience on religious tourist's delight at religious and historical sites in Pakistan. Subsequently, a conceptual framework was proposed by combining previous empirical studies and models, particularly the Stimulus Organism Response Model (SOR) and Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory Model (EDT). The methodology of the study is quantitative in nature and data were collected from 375 religious' tourists from abroad at three religious and historical sites in Pakistan. Smart PLS v.3 software was used to perform Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Seven hypotheses were developed to be tested, and all were supported. The results of the study disclosed that tourist's trust, value, and experience have a direct and positive effect on tourist's delight. Moreover, the tourist's trust and value also have a positive and direct impact on the tourist's experience. The results also indicate that the tourist's experience has a direct positive effect on tourist's delight. Furthermore, the tourist's experience plays a mediating role between tourist trust, tourist value, and tourist's delight. The results indicated that tourist's experience mediates the relationship between tourist value, tourist trust with tourist's delight. Theoretically, this study contributes by combining aspects from the SOR model, and the EDT model to examine the effect of tourist value, tourist trust on tourist's delight through tourist's experience. Practically, this study implies that the Pakistan tourism department, management of tourist sites, and tour operators need to offer better services to attract a larger number of religious tourists. Delighted tourists will revisit the religious and historical sites of Pakistan due to their religious obligations towards these religious and historical sites. This study can be generalised to benefits other religious and historical sites.
Attitude towards entrepreneurship on the relationship between psychological and educational factors with entrepreneurial intention among university students
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2020) Bazkiaei, Hanieh Alipour
Entrepreneurship is a vital source to improve economic growth, and to create wealth and job opportunities. It is an important element in developing graduates that are more competitive and innovative for the economy, especially in the context of the Malaysian government’s target towards a high-income nation by year 2020/2025. This study aims to investigate the mediation role of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship (ATE) on the relationship between psychological factors (i.e. Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavior Control (PBC), Big-Five (BF) personality traits, Entrepreneurial Motivation (EM)), and Educational Factors (EF) with Entrepreneurial Intention (EI). This study was conducted among final year local students in the management field at five research-intensive universities in Malaysia which are the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Malaya (UM), and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). This study employed quantitative approach to address the research objectives. The quantitative data of 251 respondents were collected through questionnaires. Data was analysed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 22. Direct and indirect effects were calculated to test the endogenous and exogenous variables. The findings confirmed that BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN, EF, and ATE, were positively related to EI. In addition, ATE mediated the relationship between BF personality traits, EM, PBC, SN, EF and EI. This study makes a novel academic and practical contribution to the field of entrepreneurship and makes a significant contribution to the body of knowledge. Finally, this research offers meaningful insight to the government and policy makers in their quest to encourage more students to elect entrepreneurship as a career of choice. However, this study is only limited to research-intensive universities in Malaysia.
Kesan latihan pemerkasaan usahawan terhadap kecerdasan emosi dan budaya usahawan
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2019) Jaafar@Kamis, Jimisiah
Entrepreneurship training for individuals and organizations is very important for the development of entrepreneurs. In order to produce quality human capital, the training should foster a sense of concern, self-efficacy and consciousness in making decisions when it comes to the changing of the world economy and the country in this post-global era. Based on the previous research, emotional intelligence among small entrepreneurs is low in the orientation of entrepreneurial culture. In addition to that, entrepreneurial culture is somewhat less applied in society today although the culture of entrepreneurship is very important in producing excellent business people. Therefore the objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of entrepreneurial empowerment on entrepreneurial emotional and cultural intelligence among entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises (SME) of Johor Bahru district. This study uses the experimental study of pre-test and post-test experiments with an experimental group and a control group with thirty respondents representing each group. The research instrument used is the Bar-On’s Emotion Intelligence Questionnaire and Buerah’s Entrepreneurial Culture which is divided into five dimensions, namely intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and general mood. Meanwhile Buerah Entrepreneurial Culture Questionnaire is divided into two dimensions namely, attitude, and skill. Both groups were given the same questionnaires during pre-test and post-test but only respondents in the experimental group were given training for two hours each week for eight weeks in a row. The t-test for dependent and independent using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze data. The findings have shown that there is a significant increase in the impact of entrepreneurial empowerment training on emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial culture between the mean value of pre-test and post-test for experimental groups and between experimental groups and control groups. However, there is no improvement in emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial culture of the control group. The findings of the study on the effect of entrepreneurial empowerment training on emotional intelligence indicate that self-adaptability has a higher score among experimental groups. Stress management and general mood have the most significant increase. Meanwhile the interpersonal and intrapersonal dimensions did not show significant improvement. In addition, the entrepreneurial culture of entrepreneurship and skill shows a significant increase. The implication of this study suggests that entrepreneurial empowerment training can enhance the level of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial culture and should be part of entrepreneurial training.

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