Browsing by Author "Al-Nahari, Abdulaziz Yahya Yahya"

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    Enhanced on-demand routing protocols in high mobility mobile Ad hoc network
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2018) Al-Nahari, Abdulaziz Yahya Yahya
    Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are important wireless networks especially with the increasing growth of sensor applications and mobile devices. However, finding a path and keeping it available between the sender and receiver nodes are the main issues with MANET in high mobility scenarios. High mobility and high traffic load increase the occurrences of link failures and thus increase the delay of exploring a new path, resulting in a lower packet delivery ratio. Therefore, having a routing protocol that can cope with the high mobility in MANET remains an important necessity. Existing protocols use multiple paths for the sender nodes to improve the network reliability. However, the existing multipath protocols in high mobility suffer from short route lifetime in which the sender node uses unstable routes and needs more control packets to explore new paths. Moreover, in high traffic load, the time delay to transfer the packet from one node to another is longer and affects the packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay performance. Therefore, this research designed a routing protocol that keeps the sender node updated with new paths within a shorter time. In addition, a reliable routing protocol that considers the route stability and delay when selecting the multiple paths was incorporated. To achieve this aim; first, a single-path Receiver-Based Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (RB-AODV) routing protocol was designed to decrease the time delay for exploring a new path. The receiver node role explored the paths toward the sender node when it did not receive data packets during a period of time. To have a reliable protocol, a Receiver-Based Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (RB-AOMDV) routing protocol was designed. The reliability was achieved by using multiple paths that increased the packet delivery ratio performance. Finally, a Route Stability and Delay Aware RB-AOMDV (RSDARB-AOMDV) protocol was designed to consider the link lifetime and delay metrics as constraints for selecting the paths to decrease the control overhead and ensure the route stability with less time delay. Simulation results showed that RSDARB-AOMDV improved the network performance in terms of end-to-end delay (44%), packet delivery ratio (16%) and normalized routing load (13%) in different mobility scenarios as compared to RB-AOMDV and MMQARP protocols. Moreover, in different traffic loads, the network performance improved in terms of end-to-end delay (39%), packet delivery ratio (11%) and normalized routing load (9%). Based on the findings of the study, the proposed routing protocol is a suitable solution to reduce the end-to-end delay and increase the packet delivery ratio in high node mobility and high traffic load.