Browsing by Author "Sani, Nor Suriani"

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    Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite incorporated silica aerogel for medical applications
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2017) Sani, Nor Suriani
    Application of micro-rod hydroxyapatite (HA) as a biomaterial for skin and bone tissue engineering is challenged by its high dissolution issue. Hence, the capability of silica aerogel (SA) in improving the stability and biocompatibility of the HA was investigated. The HA was incorporated into SA from rice husk ash (RHA) via an aqueous sol-gel route. HA incorporated SA (HAESA), at various weight ratios of HA/SiO2 (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.3), were successfully synthesized at room temperature and dried through ambient-pressure drying (APD) technique and its bioactivity and biocompatibility properties were investigated against normal human osteoblast cells (NHOst) and normal human dermal fibroblast cells (HSF 1184). The HAESA was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These characterizations confirmed the presence of HA in HAESA. The bioactivity of HAESA was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 14 days. The results from FTIR, XRD, FESEM, zeta potential and silicic acid and phosphate (PO43-) analyses confirmed that SA and HAESA could facilitate the nucleation of apatite and releasing silicic acid into the SBF. Both SA and HAESA were simultaneously resorbed and the dissolution of Si- O-Si bonds were replaced with new apatite bonds. The optimal was HAESA-0.5. The role of HAESA as an alternative biomaterial was studied qualitatively and quantitatively, against NHOst and HSF 1184, through the trypan blue exclusion and MTT tests. The efficiency of the HAESA, unmodified SA and parent HA as biomaterials were comparably examined. The liquid and solid fractions following the viability and proliferation test of the samples, were analysed for the amount of silicic acid, PO43- and the stability of Si-O-Si framework retained on the solid fraction. The results confirmed that HAESA is biocompatible to NHOst and HSF 1184 with 30- 40% higher than SA and HA. The cell viability and proliferation increased with the increment weight ratio of HA/SiO2. Statistical analysis revealed that the cell growth was the highest when exposed to HAESA-0.5 (weight ratio of HA/SiO2 at 0.5). The cell migration study has proven the importance of the optimal amount of silicic acid and PO43-in stimulating the proliferation of cells. The evidence confirmed that HAESA synthesized from RHA via the sol-gel APD technique is bioactive, resorbable and biocompatible thus proving that HAESA has the potential to be an alternative biomaterial for skin and bone tissue engineering application.