Energy

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Browsing Energy by Subject "Distributed generation of electric power"

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    Design and operation of renewable energy based distributed energy generation system
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2014) Ho, Wai Shin
    Concerns over sustainability of fossil fuels, escalating petroleum prices and increasing awareness for the environment have encouraged countries all over the world to shift from the heavy reliance on fossil fuel to renewable energy (RE) resources for electricity generation. The distributed energy generation (DEG) system that operates within the distribution network that fits the criteria of future needs of smart and efficient energy system could therefore be the best platform to implement RE. However, in order to achieve an optimal DEG system in terms of cost and efficiency, the designing and scheduling process could be rather difficult and complex. Among the factors taken into consideration during the planning stage include; i) intermittency and operation of RE especially for solar energy systems which are weather oriented; ii) manipulation of supply load through integration of energy storage (ES) system for peak shaving; and iii) manipulation of demand load through load shifting (LS) for peak shaving. Taking these factors into account, new optimisation methodologies are introduced in this thesis, specifically, a targeting technique based on Pinch Analysis known as the Electric System Cascade Analysis (ESCA). The technique was then expanded in to a mathematical model for a more holistic investigation. In Malaysia, developments of RE and DEG are currently focused on Iskandar Malaysia (IM) which is set with the goal to be developed as the low carbon city. Compared to many other countries which focus on wind energy as their main RE for low carbon development, IM which lacks of wind energy instead considers other RE resources such as biomass, biogas (both from palm oil resources) and solar energy, as they are the most promising RE resources to simultaneously reduce the dependency on fossil fuels as well as providence of environmental benefit in the region of IM. Palm oil mills (POM), being a biomass and biogas collection point, having sufficient land area for solar energy systems, and located distances away from a centralised grid system could therefore gain much benefits from a DEG system. Thus it was taken as the case study for the optimisation techniques developed in this thesis. The case study on the POM includes optimal DEG system design and operation (electricity and heat) of the mill as well as the local residential community. The application of the model on an eco-community and industrial case study has demonstrated the applicability of the model to design an optimal cost competitive DEG system. Through this study, it shows that implementation of DEG system within IM is indeed feasible
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    Efficient framework for integrating distributed generation and capacitor banks considering simultaneous grid-connected and islanded distribution network operations
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2021) Leghari, Zohaib Hussain
    In literature, for the planning problem of simultaneous distributed generation (DG) and shunt capacitor banks (SCB) allocation in radial distribution networks (RDNs), researchers have focused mainly on the real power loss reduction and ignored the benefits of reactive power loss minimization, which might not distribute DGs and SCBs at the desirable locations. In addition, a variety of metaheuristic optimization techniques have been employed in literature whose implementation involves either the number of phases or tuning of certain algorithm-specific parameters. In contrast, the Jaya algorithm (JA) is a simple and efficient single-phase optimization algorithm that is free from any parameter tuning. However, the JA also suffers from inadequacies of population diversity and premature convergence; therefore, require a mechanism to overcome these deficiencies. Furthermore, past studies conducted for the islanded networks have followed the approach of isolated operation and did not consider the power supply-demand imbalance condition, which will result allocation of oversized DGs and SCBs. Considering these facts, this research work proposes a two-stage planning approach for the efficient utilization of DGs and SCBs for the simultaneous grid-connected and islanded operations of the RDNs. The first stage determines the optimal installation locations and capacities of DGs and SCBs, and operating power factor of DGs using an improved variant of the JA (IJaya) to minimize the total power loss and voltage deviation during the gridconnected operation. For the proposed IJaya, a dynamic weight parameter based grid-search mechanism has been introduced to mitigate the problem of premature convergence and population diversity in JA. The performance of the IJaya was evaluated using the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus RDNs. A comparative analysis with existing optimization methods reveals that the IJaya achieves up to 38.84% more reduction in power losses and 3.26% more voltage improvement. In the later part of the study, a methodology concerning the efficient and maximum utilization of the installed DG-SCB capacity in the islanded RDN under power imbalance conditions has been proposed. For that, a multiobjective minimization function incorporating the total power loss and under-utilization of available DG-SCB capacity has been established. To minimize the proposed function, an iterative analytical approach has been proposed to tune the source power factor. The results showed that the underutilization of available DG-SCB capacity varies up to 15.83% for the power factors ranging from 0.8 to 0.93. Expectedly, the proposed study will assist the utility companies to efficiently operate their distribution systems and to design effective energy management schemes for the customers.
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    Superstructure optimization and forecasting of decentralized energy generation based on palm oil biomass
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2013) Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed
    Malaysia realizes the importance of addressing the concern of energy security to accomplish the nation’s policy objectives by mitigating the issues of security, energy efficiency and environmental impacts. To meet the rising demand for energy and incorporation of Green Technology in the national policy, Malaysian government during the last three decades has developed several strategies and policies. National Green Technology Policy was an initiative, which marked the firm determination of the government to incorporate Green Technology in the nation’s economy policy. Malaysia has abundant biomass resources, especially oil palm residues with power generation potential of about 2400 MW, which is promising for decentralized electricity generation (DEG). The aim of this study is to determine the best location to install appropriate biomass electricity generation plant in Johor and forecasting the electricity market (i.e. electricity demand) in order to provide a strategic assessment of measures for the local energy planners of Malaysia, as an optimization bottom-up model. A superstructure was developed and optimized to represent DEG system. The problem was formulated as Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) and implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Electricity demand was modeled using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Based on GAMS and ANFIS models, palm oil biomass based DEG system and distribution network scenarios for current as well as next ten, twenty and thirty years have been proposed for State of Johor, Malaysia. Biomass from sixty six Palm Oil Mills (POMs) would be collected and transported to eight selected locations. Empirical findings of this study suggested that total production cost is minimized by placing biomass gasification based integrated combine cycle (BIGCC) power plant of 50MW at all eight locations. For 2020 Scenario, no additional infrastructure will be required. For 2030 Scenario, additional units of BIGCC of 50MW will be required at five out of eight locations. While for 2040 Scenario, again no additional infrastructure development will be needed. Total minimum cost varied from 6.31 M$/yr for current scenario to 22.63 M$/yr for 2040 scenario.