Energy

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Browsing Energy by Subject "Electric power production"

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    New power pinch analysis techniques for optimal design of hybrid power systems
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2014) Mohammad Rozali, Nor Erniza
    The International Energy Agency has estimated a renewable power escalation of 40% in the next five years, and expected the renewable energy (RE) to make up almost a quarter of global power mix. Hybrid Power Systems (HPS) comprising RE sources can provide an effective safeguard while enhancing energy security and efficiency. Systematic methods to design and perform optimal power allocation in HPS are required in order to maximise power recovery as well as profitability. In this study, new algebraic and graphical Process Integration tools based on the Pinch Analysis concept have been developed for the optimal design as well as allocation of power for a HPS. The new Power Pinch Analysis (PoPA) techniques introduced in this study complement the modeling tools, particularly in offering visualisation advantages as well as vital insights on the network design, and providing designers with better control over the design decisions. Important decision variables during various design stages including the real-time amount of electricity transfer, stored and outsourced were established prior to the in-depth analysis. The new framework proposed in this research consisted of five key components. The first component introduced new systematic techniques to integrate the HPS both graphically and algebraically. Targets for first day and continuous 24 hours operations had been established to achieve 96.94% reduction in the conventional electricity requirement for the studied wind-solar system in Case Study 1. Consideration of energy losses during conversion, storage and transfer processes were incorporated into the second technique in order to reflect the actual HPS performance. Incorporation of the losses into the method leads to 31.26% reduction in the storage capacity as presented in the case study. The third technique presented a handy sizing method to achieve optimal configuration in a HPS with multiple generators. The studied system showed that the minimum payback period of 11.78 years was obtained for the optimal configuration. Effects of peak-off-peak electricity pricing were taken into account in the load shifting procedure as proposed in the fourth technique. Application on case study gave electricity cost savings of RM 80,881. The final component was developed to guide the designers to decide on the most cost-effective storage scheme for their HPS considering storage types, efficiencies, costs and power trends factor. The costeffective storage for the investigated household system was the superconducting magnetic storage with capacity of 26.12 kWh, while the Lead-Acid battery storage of 15.38 MWh capacity was best applied in the presented industrial case study
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    Optimal planning of hybrid power generation system towards low carbon development
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2014) Ab. Muis, Zarina
    In Malaysia, the energy sector is identified as one of the major carbon dioxide (CO2) emitters. Electricity in Malaysia is primarily generated from coal, natural gas, diesel, oil and hydro. The government of Malaysia encourages power producers to shift towards the use of renewable energy (RE) and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. There is a clear need for a systematic method to sustainably plan the fleet-wide electricity generation and capacity expansion towards fulfilling the forecasted electricity demand and simultaneously meet the emission reduction target. A comprehensive superstructure consisting o f all existing (i.e. Pulverized Coal (PC), Natural Gas Open Cycle (NGOC)) and new power generation technologies (i.e., Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC), nuclear, solar, biom ass and M unicipal Solid W aste (M SW )) was constructed at the early stage of model development in this study. Towards this end, three different models have been developed and implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) as follows: 1) Single period model for electricity generation mix that is designed to satisfy the electricity demand until the year 2020 for Peninsular Malaysia, 2) Multi period model for selection o f power generation technology that is designed to satisfy the forecasted electricity demand from year 2012 to 2025 in Iskandar Malaysia (IM) and 3) Multi-period optimization model that is developed to determine the optimal location o f new RE generation stations to reduce transmission losses and transportation cost in IM. Options are made available by models 1 and 2 to switch the coal plants to natural gas power plants and to increase the use o f renewable energy in order to meet CO2 target and to minimize cost. Model 3 is capable o f predicting the cost-optimal generation capacity, type o f biomass-energy conversion technology and location for the construction and operation of new biomass power plants. The models can provide vital tools to assist the government in policy making