Climate, Environment and Biodiversity

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Browsing Climate, Environment and Biodiversity by Subject "Air quality—Measurement"

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    Assessment of urban air quality in Makassar South Sulawesi Indonesia
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2013) Sattar
    An assessment of the urban air quality in Makassar area, which covers SO2, CO, NO2, O3, Pb, and TSP sampled over a period of eleven years (i.e 2001 to 2011), with PM10 monitored for six years (2006-2011) are discussed and presented in this thesis. The air quality data were obtained from secondary measurements made by the Office of Ministry of Environment Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua, the Environment Board of the Province of South Sulawesi, and the Environmental Agency of Makassar City. In addition, the primary data of airborne PM10 concentration sampled on a weekly basis for a period of one year (i.e February 2012 to January 2013) at one Makassar site are also reported. PM10 was sampled using a standard size selective high volume air sampler and analyzed for its elemental, black carbon and ionic species constituents. Results showed that the overall average concentrations of SO2, CO, NO2, O3, Pb, TSP and PM10 measured at eight monitoring sites of Makassar was 74.9 µg/m3, 1007 µg/m3, 42.5 µg/m3, 53.7 µg/m3, 0.70 µg/m3, 179 µg/m3, 53.9 µg/m3, respectively. The concentration of the particulate matter found in the study area was typically influenced by the dry and wet season experienced in the region. A total of nineteen elemental components (i.e Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn), four ionic species (i.e Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +) and black carbon, together constituted a mere 28.8% of the PM10 mass concentration, while the remaining 71.2% are yet to be explained. However, the use of a more rigorous source apportionment model based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) successfully identified six major sources of air pollution in the area, which include marine, motor vehicle, road dust, soil dust, industry and biomass burning, each contributing 25%, 24%, 16%, 13%, 12%, and 10% of the particulate mass concentration, respectively