Kappa carrageenan-based hydrogel for floating drug delivery system in the stomach
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Date
2016
Authors
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Publisher
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Abstract
The main objective of drug delivery system is to attain an optimum concentration of the drug/bioactive agents in blood or tissue at a desired release rate. A problem frequently encountered with drug dosage is its inability to increase their residence time in the gastrointestinal tract, consequently leading to a poor drug release profile and low bioavailability. Therefore, development of an effective carrier is needed. This research aims to develop a potential dual effect drug carrier for floating drug delivery system in the stomach which targets the upper part of stomach and also benefits the lower part of stomach (stomach lining). Kappa carrageenan-based floating hydrogel was formulated using calcium carbonate as pore forming agents where it was further optimized using genipin (1.5 mM) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (0.10 g) as compared to non-floating hydrogels. Characterization of hydrogel was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope. The release behaviour of a model drug, ranitidine hydrochloride was firstly studied in simulated gastric fluid condition at 37 °C. The results showed that optimized floating hydrogels provided high performance (70%, 7 h) of controlled drug release profile with reduced initial burst release (18%, 30 min). The Korsmeyer-Peppas model further demonstrated that ranitidine hydrochloride release from hydrogels followed non- Fickian diffusion. The optimized floating hydrogel was then subjected to cytotoxicity analysis which proved its biocompatibility, non-toxicity and it is safe to use. Secondly, beneficial effect towards the lower part of stomach was determined from the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in the hydrogel. The antibacterial activity was studied on the optimized floating hydrogel using E. coli and it showed 8.44% of bacterial inhibition. The characteristics of the hydrogel with floating behaviour more than 12 hours, reduced initial burst release with controlled drug release, along with effective bacterial inhibition and good biocompatibility suggested that the developed floating nanocomposite hydrogel is a promising drug carrier in the stomach
Description
Thesis (PhD. (Bioprocess Engineering))
Keywords
Drug delivery systems, Drugs—Dosage forms, Drug carriers (Pharmacy)