Language and Education

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Browsing Language and Education by Author "Abdul Ghani, Diyana Zulaika"

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    Analysis of stroke distribution between professional, intermediate and novice squash players
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2013-08) Abdul Ghani, Diyana Zulaika
    The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of strokes of three different levels of players in squash game which were the professional elite, intermediate and novice players. Quantitative method and experimental repeated measures design were employed for data collection. A total of 5 players with an average age of 21.27 ± 5.22 years old were involved as sample for each level of players. Every type of shots for both forehand and backhand strokes performed by players were recorded. There were 15 types of shots executed by the players during games. The most common types of shots performed were identified and distribution of strokes was verified by coaches and experts. Recorded videos were then analysed using hand notational analysis while inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS version 16. Results showed that there were significant differences in backhand strokes between groups while there was no significant difference recorded in forehand strokes. Notational analyses data indicated that the most shots performed were backhand drive (BHDV) followed by forehand drive (FHDV) and both forehand and backhand cross-court drive (FHXCDV and BHXCDV). There were only five types of shots frequently performed and were found significant for all three levels: forehand drive (FHDV), forehand cross-court drive (FHXCDV), backhand drive (BHDV), backhand cross-court drive (BHXCDV) and backhand drop (BHDP). The results of this study showed that the backhand shots and shot selection during games might pose as the contributing factors to differentiate between three different levels of players. This study also generated playing pattern profiles of three levels of squash players which could provide essential knowledge for the coaches to recognize the ability of their players and thus improve the efficiency of training method and enhance the skills and playing strategies of their athletes.
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    Tactical strategy descriptors in squash based on notational analysis
    (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2017-05) Abdul Ghani, Diyana Zulaika
    Malaysia squash players have improved their rankings in world for past few years. However, there is still no evidence as proof of their excellent performance and achievement. It is crucial to record evidence of the performance as reference for future improvements. The objective of this study was to analyse the playing strategy and develop tactical strategy descriptors for two different groups which were professional elite (PE) and national back-up (NB) squash players. Quantitative observational method and comparative design were implemented for data collection. 10 Malaysian squash players were selected based on their world rankings and 5 video matches of each player from several international championships were obtained for analysis. Observation of video recordings recorded for the analysis were based on 30 types of strokes, 7 types of rally outcomes and 16 playing areas. Tactical strategy descriptors were developed using SMART PLS modelling software. Findings of the observation showed that the most preferred strokes performed were drive (42%) followed by cross-court (19%), drop (15%), volley (14%), boast (6%) and lob (4%). Meanwhile, for rally outcomes, winners produced were 50% compared to errors (21%). For playing area, the highest number of ball landed were at the back area and backhand side (Area 9 and Area 13). Based on the model, tactical strategy descriptors developed found that for winning performances, both groups recorded Area 1 as the highest area produced winners using drop stroke. On the contrary, for losing performances, both groups had obtained different results. PE group had recorded errors at Area 6 using drive, drop, cross-court and boast strokes and Area 10 using volley and lob strokes while NB group errors were at Area 1 using crosscourt stroke, Area 5 using boast, Area 8 using drop and volley strokes and Area 12 using drive stroke. Based on the findings, the model could serve as a guide to help coaches and players understand key aspects to be emphasized for winning and losing performances, and enhance tactical strategy and performance to achieve higher levels of performance in competitions